Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, yasize ibibazo by’ingutu birimo abapfakazi, Impfubyi, ibibazo biboshye umuryango munyarwanda, byose Leta n’Abanyarwanda bose muri rusange bakaba bagomba gufatanya kubishakira umuti ariko cyane cyane hafatwa mu mugongo abasizwe iheruheru na Jenoside.Abakoze Jenoside ntaho bazigamye na hamwe mu gihugu, bigeze mu karere ka Ngoma mu murenge wa Rukumberi, mu gice cyahoze ari Komini Sake n’igice cya Komini Mugesera, ho ntawakekaga ko hari n’uwo kubara inkuru warokotse. Ibyo byatumye nyuma ya Jenoside imitungo itarasahuwe, abantu bayigabana indi igurishwa n’abari babifitemo inyungu, aho abana bacitse ku icumu muri uwo murenge bakuriye, bashatse kubaza imitungo yasizwe n’ababyeyi babo basanga nta butaka na bumwe budafite ubutuyemo.
Nk’uko twabitangarijwe na bamwe mu bana b’impfubyi za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bakomoka mu murenge wa Rukumberi, bibumbiye mu ishyirahamwe ARGR (Association des Rescapés du Génocide de Rukumberi). Badutangarije ko bafite ikibazo cy’imitungo yasizwe n’ababyeyi babo bishwe muri Jenoside, kirimo ibice bitatu:
Icyiciro cya mbere ni icy’ubutaka bwasizwe n’ababyeyi babo bwubatswemo imidugudu, aho usanga isambu yose yarubatswemo ikarangira, ntibahabwe ingurane;
Icyiciro cya kabiri ni icy’amasambu yigabijwe n’abandi bantu, kuko abana batahabaga, babaga aho bumva bafite umutekano, bakaba barayagabanye biza kwitwa ko ari isaranganya kandi abo bana batarigeze bahabwaho na m2 imwe;
Icyiciro cya gatatu kikaba icy’amasambu yagurishijwe na bamwe mu basigaranye abana cyangwa se abo bafitanye isano.
Ikibazo kimaze igihe kirekire
Urwo rubyiruko rwibumbiye muri ARGR twaganiriye, rwadutangarije ko ikibazo kimaze igihe kirekire mu buyobozi kuko batangiye gukurikirana ikibazo cyabo ku bwa Burugumesitiri Haguma, nyuma ya politiki yo guhuza uturere, ubuyobozi bwegerezwa abaturage, bakigeza mu buyobozi bw’akarere ka Ngoma, ariko nk’uko bakomeje kubitubwira akaba ari nta mwana n’umwe wigeze abona igisubizo.
Kugira ngo ibibazo byabo bikomeze kundindira ni uko ngo hari abayobozi b’ibanze batakiraga neza ibibazo byabo, bakababwira ko batumva impamvu abakobwa baka amasambu.
Ikibazo cyagejejwe imbere y’umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngoma, nticyabona igisubizo ariko ngo kuwa 10/04/ 2009 yabemereye ko agiye kugikemura, abibumbiye muri ARGR bakaba barifuzaga ko nibura iminsi 100 yo kwibuka mu 2009 yarangira cyarakemutse.
Icyifuzo cyabo nticyubahirijwe, bigeza aho kuwa 10/07/2009, mu nama yahuje abayobozi b’inzego zitandukanye, hari Umurenge, akarere, abayobozi ba gisirikare, abayobozi ba Polisi y’igihugu n’abandi; bagerageza gushaka umuti w’ikibazo.
Icyo twagarukaho kandi ni uko mu nama yabereye muri Primature kuwa 10 Nzeri 2008, nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa Minisitiri w’Intebe yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera na Minisitiri w’Umutekano mu gihugu, asaba uwo bireba wese gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bikurikira: Gutunganya amadosiye y’abanyereje amafaranga yo kubakira Abacitse ku icumu batishoboye; Guhuza imibare y’abacitse ku icumu bishwe; Gutegura Termes de references za audit y’amazu arimo kubakwa; Gusubiza abana imitungo yabo; Kwihutisha imanza z’imitungo y’impfubyi no kuzifasha mu nkiko; Guha abana ingurane y’amasambu yabo aho Leta ari yo yayatwaye.
Hashatswe umuti w’ikibazo
Bakomeje badutangariza ko muri iyo nama hagaragajwe abana 30 bahuriye kuri icyo kibazo cy’imitungo. Muri bo, umwe ngo ntiyari mu rwego rw’abana ariko isambu ye yarubatswemo basanga ikibazo cye kitashyirwa hamwe n’iby’abana. Uwa kabiri ngo basanze yarahawe ingurane, ariko aho yahawe hacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro nta burenganzira yari akihafite, ngo basaba Umuyobozi w’akarere ko yashakirwa ahandi. Uwa gatatu we ngo basanze uwari watwaye ikibanza cy’iwabo yari afite ahandi, bamutegeka kugisubiza ariko n’ubu ngo biracyari mu manza ntaragihabwa. Uwa kane ikibazo cye kikaba kitarasobanutse neza, bagishinga Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Rukumberi.
Mu bana 26 basigaye, nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri hoherejwe; ku bufatanye bwa Army week, ababafasha gupima ubutaka, kugira ngo bamenye ababurimo n’uburyo babuhawe. Nyuma hagatangwa raporo y’ibikorwa. Bakomeje badutangariza ko abasirikare baje muri icyo gikorwa, bagaragaza ibyavuyemo kuwa 24/07/2009.
Iyo raporo yerekanye abana 11 n’ibibazo byabo uko biteye, bikagaragazwa n’ibaruwa Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Rukumberi yandikiye Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Ngoma yo kuwa 24/07/2009. Ntibabaruye mu murenge wa Rukumberi gusa bagiye no mu wa Sake babarurayo abantu 12. Abo bana batubwiye ko nyuma y’iyo raporo nta gisubizo babonye.
Ikibazo cyagombye kuba cyarakemutse
Mu nama yo kuwa 14-15 Ukwakira 2010, yabereye muri Sports View Hotel, ihuje inzego Nkuru za Leta n’Inzego z’ibanze, mu byo yasuzumye harimo n’Ubutaka bw’impfubyi butunzwe n’abandi bantu, umwanzuro wafashwe kuri iki kibazo ukaba Gusubiza abana b’impfubyi ubutaka bwabo, ubufite akaba ari we ujya mu nkiko, aho kugira ngo abana abe ari bo basiragira mu nkiko, uturere tukaba twarasabwaga kubikora bitarenze kuwa 31 Ukwakira 2010. Hari kandi amasambu y’abana b’impfubyi n’abarokotse Jenoside yashyizwemo ibindi bikorwa n’ubuyobozi. Kuri iki umwanzuro wafashwe ni ugusubiza abana b’impfubyi n’abarokotse Jenoside ubutaka bwabo aho bukiri, cyangwa bagahabwa ingurane y’ubundi butaka/amafaranga, aho ubutaka bwashyizweho ibikorwaremezo birambye. Bikaba byaragombaga kuba byarashyizwe mu bikorwa bitarenze kuwa 15 Ugushyingo 2010.
Ibaruwa No 2707/070506/01 yo kuwa 29/11/2010, Umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngoma yandikiye Umuyobozi wa ARGR yamusabaga kwitabira igikorwa cyo gukemura ikibazo cy’amasambu y’abana b’impfubyi bo mu murenge wa Rukumberi, kuwa 03/12/2010, yagaragazaga urutonde rw’abo bana n’ubutaka bagomba guhabwa. Abana bagera kuri 20 akaba aribo bagombaga gukemurirwa ikibazo, barimo 10 amasambu yabo yubatswemo imidugudu akarangira, bahawe ubutaka bushya i Gituza bahabwa n’inyandiko zemeza ko bahawe ingurane. 10 basigaye ubutaka bwabo bwari buhari ariko buhingwa n’abantu batandukanye, bivugwa ko basaranganyije ariko bene bwo ntaho bahawe.
Nk’uko twakomeje kubiganirirwa na bamwe mu bagize ARGR, abana bahawe amasambu basabye abari bayarimo kuba bayakoresha kugeza kuwa 30/06/2011 kugira ngo babone ibizabatunga aho bahawe ingurane mu rwuri ruri i Gituza, aho bagombaga gukomereza ibikorwa byabo, abo bana 10 bakaba bafite ibyangombwa byemeza ko basubiranye ubutaka bw’iwabo.
Ibintu byasubiye irudubi
Mu gihe akarere kari kafashe umwanzuro wo kurangiza ikibazo kandi ntawe gahutaje, mu nama yabereye i Rukumberi kuwa 16/06/2011, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Karugarama Tharcisse, yabwiye abari mu nama barimo abagomba guhabwa n’abasubiza ubutaka ko abo babuhawe batagomba kubuvamo kuko babuhawe mu buryo busobanutse. Icyo gisubizo ngo cyatumye kugeza ubu nta mwana wemererwa kwiyandikisha ku butaka kuko ababufite banze kuburekura.
Ibibazo byashyikirijwe Minisitiri Karugarama Tharcisse, byari mu byiciro bitatu. Icyiciro cya mbere cyari icy’ahubatswe imidugudu hakarangira, icya kabiri kikaba icy’abantu batandatu amasambu yabo ahingwa n’abantu batandukanye, icya gatatu kikaba icy’abantu babiri imitungo yabo yagurishijwe na bene wabo; imwe yagurishijwe n’uwamureraga indi igurishwa na musaza we wo kwa se wabo.
Muri iyo nama Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, KarugaramaTharcisse, yagize ati “Twaje dutabaye ikibazo abantu bakunda kwita ukuntu, ni ukuvuga ngo ikibazo cy’abana b’impfubyi za Jenoside, bambuwe ubutaka bwabo, bakaba bamaze imyaka 17 batari babona ibisubizo. Birababaje cyane! Harimo ibintu bitatu: Icya mbere ni abana, icya kabiri ni impfubyi, icya gatatu ni impfubyi za Jenoside, icya kane ngo bakaba barambuwe ubutaka bwabo. Ikintu kikavugwa muri radio no mu binyamakuru, kubera ko Minisitiri w’intebe yigeze kubitangaho amabwiriza, abayobozi batandukanye bavuze ko kigomba gukemuka, nasanze ari ngombwa.»
Yakomeje avuga ko imyanzuro yatangwaga yasuzumaga ikibazo cy’umuntu ku giti cye, aho kuba muri rusange ngo babihe imyanzuro ya rusange.
Nta mpfubyi y’imyaka 30
Minisitiri Karugarama Tharcisse yavuze ko ibibazo byose byasuzumwe hari inzego zinyuranye harimo ubuyobozi bw’akarere, ubuyobozi bw’umurenge, ubuyobozi bw’akagari, ubuyobozi bw’ingabo n’ubw’igipolisi n’izindi nzego zikorera mu karere, ibibazo byose babifatira imyanzuro ine. Yagize ati «Umwanzuro wa mbere wavugaga ngo tureke gukomeza kuvuga ngo ni abana b’impfubyi ba Jenoside bambuwe ubutaka. Kubera ko twabonye bamwe bageze mu myaka 30, abandi 27, kandi tuzi ko umwana ari umuntu uri hasi y’imyaka 18.» Kuri iyi ngingo, Minisitiri Karugarama yavuze ko batareba igihe ikibazo cyatangiriye ahubwo bareba aho kigeze ubu, ko nta muntu witwa impfubyi afite imyaka 30.
Umwanzuro wa kabiri yagize ati «Twavuze ko abantu bose basaranganyijwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, nta manyanga arimo, iryo saranganya riremewe, ntawe uzavutswa umutungo we, kuko yasaranganyijwe. Iryakozwe na Leta mu buryo bwo gutuza abanyarwanda ryaremewe rizagumaho.»
Umwanzuro wa gatatu ni abantu bafashe ubutaka bw’abo bari abana icyo gihe ngo barabarera hanyuma bakabanyaga imitungo yabo, Minisitiri Karugarama yavuze ko abagurishije iyo mitungo bavuga ngo bararera abo bana bagomba kubiryozwa, ariko hagomba gushishoza, kugira ngo barebe uko uwo yareze abo bana n’uko yakoreshejwe mu kubarera. Yagize ati «Aho bazasanga amanyanga, uburiganya, uwo muntu azabiryozwe.»
Umwanzuro wa nyuma urebana n’abantu baje bakagura ibintu, ariko ngo bakagura nk’umutungo ugurishijwe n’abanyamuryango. Minisitiri Karugarama akomeza avuga ko bari babifiteho ububasha bwo kugurisha. Yatanze urugero kuwagurishije umutungo wa se agacura barumuna be, nyuma y’imyaka 15 batazahambura abahaguze barashyizemo n’ibikorwa byabo, ngo uhahe abantu babonetse ubu kandi ayo mafaranga yaragiye mu muryango. Yagize ati «Mu muryango bicare bakemure ibi bibazo, niba ari uwayariye agacura abandi, azabiryozwe.» Yakomeje avuga ko aho bazasanga mu gukemura ikibazo hari aho umuntu asigaye nta kintu afite Leta izamushakire uko abaho ariko badahungabanyije umuntu waguze.
Hari imyanzuro itarashyirwa mu bikorwa
Umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngoma yasobanuye ko ibibazo byari byaravutse bari baragerageje kubikemura, ariko hari bibiri byavutse bishya basuzumiye hamwe. Bwana Niyotwagira yagize ati «Ibyo twemeranyijweho amatariki yabyo akaba yarageze byashyizwe mu bikorwa, ibisigaye ni ibyo kuwa 30/06/2011 kandi iyo tariki ntiragera, ariko dutegereje iyo tariki twafatiye hamwe. Ni ukuvuga ko igisigaye ari ugushyira mu bikorwa imyanzuro.»
Abakuwe mu masambu basaba indishyi
Nkurikiyinka Yoweli watashye mu 1994, yavuze ko bakigera mu gihugu bacumbitse mu by’abandi ariko nyuma baza guhabwa aho batura, ikibazo bafite kikaba ko akarere kahabanyaga kandi hari ibikorwa bakozemo. Avuga ko rero atumva ukuntu bazakurwa ahongaho bakajyanwa ahandi. Ariko we yagize ati «Aha baduhaye bavugaga ko beneho barangiye nta n’umwe ukiriho.» Asoza avuga ko ubwo Leta ariyo yabahaye yagombye kureba ibikorwa bakoze ikabishyura, batakwemera ko hari umunyarwanda urengana.
Ikibazo cyatangiye ari abana bato
Nyuma y’ibyemezo byatangajwe na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Karugarama Tharcisse, abibumbiye muri ARGR (Association des Rescapés du Génocide de Rukumberi), badutangarije ko batishimiye ubutabera Minisitiri yabazaniye, kuko ikibazo hari intambwe akarere kari kamaze gutera mu kugikemura, none we akaba yarasubije amazi mu iriba. Batangaza ko bazitabaza izindi nzego, zibakemurire ikibazo. Iki kibazo cyatangiye ari abana bato, nk’uko bakomeje babidutangariza, bigeze aho bashobora kubyikurikiranira none bambuwe uburenganzira bwabo.
Uwitije Silivani uvuka mu murenge wa Rukumberi, akagari ka Gituza, atangaza ko afite ikibazo cy’amasambu y’ababyeyi be yatujwemo umuntu uvuka mu murenge wa Rukumberi, ngo bakayamutuzamo bavuga ko ari isaranganya kandi hari isambu y’umuryango w’iwabo. Ngo yajyaga kubaza mu buyozi bakavuga ko bamusaranganyije na Nyirasenge we avuga ko nta bubasha yari afite kuri uwo mutungo kuko atari afite ububasha bwo kuzungura ababyeyi batari abe. Yagize ati «Naburanye kugeza mu rukiko rwisumbuye, kubera ko naregaga ndi umwana aho ngeze bakavuga ko nta bubasha mfite bwo kuba naburana mu nkiko. Igihe ndindiriye imyaka y’ubukure bateje kashi mpuruza, aho ngiye kubaza bakambwira ko ikibazo cyanjye cyarangiye.» Yasoje avuga ko aho ageze ananiwe kuko kugeza n’ubu kitarakemuka.
Epipaphie Bavugiyaremye, yatangaje ko Jenoside yabaye afite imyaka 10, akaba umwe mu mpfubyi za Jenoside zifite ikibazo cy’amasambu i Rukumberi. Yadutangarije ko muri Jenoside yahungiye i Kigali, abagiraneza na FARG bamufasha kwiga, ariko ngo akumva ko isambu y’ababyeyi be ifitwe na se wabo, witwa Alphonse Twagirayezu, ngo akaba yari afite icyizere ko igihe cyose azagenda agahabwa isambu ya se. Ariko ngo yatunguwe n’uko igihe cyo kuyikurikirana yasanze se wabo yarayigurishije, ubwo bugure nta baturage babuzi.
Na we nk’izindi mpfubyi, yari ategereje ko ikibazo cye gikemuka, bikaba byarasubijwe irudubi na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera. Yagize ati «Byarambabaje kubona Minisitiri w’ubutabera avuga ko nta mpfubyi y’imyaka 28-30, yirengagiza ko Jenoside yabaye turi abana bato cyane.» yakomeje avuga ko atazi niba abakoze Jenoside bafite imyaka 11, ubu noneho bazafatwa bagafungwa, kuko ubu noneho bujuje imyaka yo kuryoza ibyo bakoze. Asoza avuga ko kwitwa impfubyi atari ishema, ahubwo ari amahano yagwiririye u Rwanda, icyo bifuza ari ubutabera ko kandi abantu nibatabakemurira ikibazo Imana izabafasha ikagikemura kuko n’ubundi ngo batari bazi ko bazabaho kugeza uyu munsi. Yagize ati «Birababaje kwitwa impunzi mu gihugu cyawe, utagira aho ubarizwa kandi ababyeyi bawe nta cyaha bakoreye igihugu.»
Vestine Mukayisire, Jenoside yabaye afite imyaka 12, na we ariruka inyuma y’isambu ebyiri, iya se n’iya se wabo kuko ari we wasigaye mu muryango wenyine. Avuga ko isambu ya se yubatswemo umudugudu, babasezeranya ko bazabaha ahahoze ari urwuri ariko amaso yaheze mu kirere. Na ho isambu ya se wabo bayigabanyijemo ibice bibiri, byose bihabwa abari basanzwe mu Rwanda bafite andi masambu. Yavuze ko igice kimwe cyahawe uwari Burugumestiri nyuma ya Jenoside, Rutayisire Wilson, ikindi gihabwa ukekwaho Jenoside.
Vestine Mukayisire avuga ko yareze Rutayisire mu rukiko aramutsinda, ariko n’ubu urubanza rwe ntirurarangizwa. Akomeza avuga ko ikibazo cyasubiye irudubi kubera amagambo ya Minisitiri Karugarama yavuze kuwa 16/06/2011 ubwo yari i Rukumberi, abari mu masambu bakavuga ko Minisitiri ikibazo yagikemuye, izo mpfubyi ntacyo zigomba kubaza.
Vestine Mukayisire yakomeje avuga ko muri Rukumberi nta saranganya ryahabaye, kuko nta mpfubyi n’imwe yahawe aho kuba kandi ariho abayeyi babo bari batuye n’icyemezo cya Minisitiri w’intebe cyarabahaga uburenganzira ku mitungo yabo. Yasoje avuga ko bagiye gushaka ubutabera k’Umuvunyi Mukuru, kwa Minisitiri w’intebe cyangwa kwa Perezida wa Repubulika, kuko ngo batazemera kujya banyura ku masambu yabo babebera.
Ubu izo mpfubyi za Jenoside zikaba zaritabaje Umuvunyi Mukuru nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa bamwandikiye yo kuwa 18/06/2011.
Rwanyange René Anthère
Nk’uko twabitangarijwe na bamwe mu bana b’impfubyi za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bakomoka mu murenge wa Rukumberi, bibumbiye mu ishyirahamwe ARGR (Association des Rescapés du Génocide de Rukumberi). Badutangarije ko bafite ikibazo cy’imitungo yasizwe n’ababyeyi babo bishwe muri Jenoside, kirimo ibice bitatu:
Icyiciro cya mbere ni icy’ubutaka bwasizwe n’ababyeyi babo bwubatswemo imidugudu, aho usanga isambu yose yarubatswemo ikarangira, ntibahabwe ingurane;
Icyiciro cya kabiri ni icy’amasambu yigabijwe n’abandi bantu, kuko abana batahabaga, babaga aho bumva bafite umutekano, bakaba barayagabanye biza kwitwa ko ari isaranganya kandi abo bana batarigeze bahabwaho na m2 imwe;
Icyiciro cya gatatu kikaba icy’amasambu yagurishijwe na bamwe mu basigaranye abana cyangwa se abo bafitanye isano.
Ikibazo kimaze igihe kirekire
Urwo rubyiruko rwibumbiye muri ARGR twaganiriye, rwadutangarije ko ikibazo kimaze igihe kirekire mu buyobozi kuko batangiye gukurikirana ikibazo cyabo ku bwa Burugumesitiri Haguma, nyuma ya politiki yo guhuza uturere, ubuyobozi bwegerezwa abaturage, bakigeza mu buyobozi bw’akarere ka Ngoma, ariko nk’uko bakomeje kubitubwira akaba ari nta mwana n’umwe wigeze abona igisubizo.
Kugira ngo ibibazo byabo bikomeze kundindira ni uko ngo hari abayobozi b’ibanze batakiraga neza ibibazo byabo, bakababwira ko batumva impamvu abakobwa baka amasambu.
Ikibazo cyagejejwe imbere y’umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngoma, nticyabona igisubizo ariko ngo kuwa 10/04/ 2009 yabemereye ko agiye kugikemura, abibumbiye muri ARGR bakaba barifuzaga ko nibura iminsi 100 yo kwibuka mu 2009 yarangira cyarakemutse.
Icyifuzo cyabo nticyubahirijwe, bigeza aho kuwa 10/07/2009, mu nama yahuje abayobozi b’inzego zitandukanye, hari Umurenge, akarere, abayobozi ba gisirikare, abayobozi ba Polisi y’igihugu n’abandi; bagerageza gushaka umuti w’ikibazo.
Icyo twagarukaho kandi ni uko mu nama yabereye muri Primature kuwa 10 Nzeri 2008, nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa Minisitiri w’Intebe yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera na Minisitiri w’Umutekano mu gihugu, asaba uwo bireba wese gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bikurikira: Gutunganya amadosiye y’abanyereje amafaranga yo kubakira Abacitse ku icumu batishoboye; Guhuza imibare y’abacitse ku icumu bishwe; Gutegura Termes de references za audit y’amazu arimo kubakwa; Gusubiza abana imitungo yabo; Kwihutisha imanza z’imitungo y’impfubyi no kuzifasha mu nkiko; Guha abana ingurane y’amasambu yabo aho Leta ari yo yayatwaye.
Hashatswe umuti w’ikibazo
Bakomeje badutangariza ko muri iyo nama hagaragajwe abana 30 bahuriye kuri icyo kibazo cy’imitungo. Muri bo, umwe ngo ntiyari mu rwego rw’abana ariko isambu ye yarubatswemo basanga ikibazo cye kitashyirwa hamwe n’iby’abana. Uwa kabiri ngo basanze yarahawe ingurane, ariko aho yahawe hacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro nta burenganzira yari akihafite, ngo basaba Umuyobozi w’akarere ko yashakirwa ahandi. Uwa gatatu we ngo basanze uwari watwaye ikibanza cy’iwabo yari afite ahandi, bamutegeka kugisubiza ariko n’ubu ngo biracyari mu manza ntaragihabwa. Uwa kane ikibazo cye kikaba kitarasobanutse neza, bagishinga Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Rukumberi.
Mu bana 26 basigaye, nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri hoherejwe; ku bufatanye bwa Army week, ababafasha gupima ubutaka, kugira ngo bamenye ababurimo n’uburyo babuhawe. Nyuma hagatangwa raporo y’ibikorwa. Bakomeje badutangariza ko abasirikare baje muri icyo gikorwa, bagaragaza ibyavuyemo kuwa 24/07/2009.
Iyo raporo yerekanye abana 11 n’ibibazo byabo uko biteye, bikagaragazwa n’ibaruwa Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Rukumberi yandikiye Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Ngoma yo kuwa 24/07/2009. Ntibabaruye mu murenge wa Rukumberi gusa bagiye no mu wa Sake babarurayo abantu 12. Abo bana batubwiye ko nyuma y’iyo raporo nta gisubizo babonye.
Ikibazo cyagombye kuba cyarakemutse
Mu nama yo kuwa 14-15 Ukwakira 2010, yabereye muri Sports View Hotel, ihuje inzego Nkuru za Leta n’Inzego z’ibanze, mu byo yasuzumye harimo n’Ubutaka bw’impfubyi butunzwe n’abandi bantu, umwanzuro wafashwe kuri iki kibazo ukaba Gusubiza abana b’impfubyi ubutaka bwabo, ubufite akaba ari we ujya mu nkiko, aho kugira ngo abana abe ari bo basiragira mu nkiko, uturere tukaba twarasabwaga kubikora bitarenze kuwa 31 Ukwakira 2010. Hari kandi amasambu y’abana b’impfubyi n’abarokotse Jenoside yashyizwemo ibindi bikorwa n’ubuyobozi. Kuri iki umwanzuro wafashwe ni ugusubiza abana b’impfubyi n’abarokotse Jenoside ubutaka bwabo aho bukiri, cyangwa bagahabwa ingurane y’ubundi butaka/amafaranga, aho ubutaka bwashyizweho ibikorwaremezo birambye. Bikaba byaragombaga kuba byarashyizwe mu bikorwa bitarenze kuwa 15 Ugushyingo 2010.
Ibaruwa No 2707/070506/01 yo kuwa 29/11/2010, Umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngoma yandikiye Umuyobozi wa ARGR yamusabaga kwitabira igikorwa cyo gukemura ikibazo cy’amasambu y’abana b’impfubyi bo mu murenge wa Rukumberi, kuwa 03/12/2010, yagaragazaga urutonde rw’abo bana n’ubutaka bagomba guhabwa. Abana bagera kuri 20 akaba aribo bagombaga gukemurirwa ikibazo, barimo 10 amasambu yabo yubatswemo imidugudu akarangira, bahawe ubutaka bushya i Gituza bahabwa n’inyandiko zemeza ko bahawe ingurane. 10 basigaye ubutaka bwabo bwari buhari ariko buhingwa n’abantu batandukanye, bivugwa ko basaranganyije ariko bene bwo ntaho bahawe.
Nk’uko twakomeje kubiganirirwa na bamwe mu bagize ARGR, abana bahawe amasambu basabye abari bayarimo kuba bayakoresha kugeza kuwa 30/06/2011 kugira ngo babone ibizabatunga aho bahawe ingurane mu rwuri ruri i Gituza, aho bagombaga gukomereza ibikorwa byabo, abo bana 10 bakaba bafite ibyangombwa byemeza ko basubiranye ubutaka bw’iwabo.
Ibintu byasubiye irudubi
Mu gihe akarere kari kafashe umwanzuro wo kurangiza ikibazo kandi ntawe gahutaje, mu nama yabereye i Rukumberi kuwa 16/06/2011, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Karugarama Tharcisse, yabwiye abari mu nama barimo abagomba guhabwa n’abasubiza ubutaka ko abo babuhawe batagomba kubuvamo kuko babuhawe mu buryo busobanutse. Icyo gisubizo ngo cyatumye kugeza ubu nta mwana wemererwa kwiyandikisha ku butaka kuko ababufite banze kuburekura.
Ibibazo byashyikirijwe Minisitiri Karugarama Tharcisse, byari mu byiciro bitatu. Icyiciro cya mbere cyari icy’ahubatswe imidugudu hakarangira, icya kabiri kikaba icy’abantu batandatu amasambu yabo ahingwa n’abantu batandukanye, icya gatatu kikaba icy’abantu babiri imitungo yabo yagurishijwe na bene wabo; imwe yagurishijwe n’uwamureraga indi igurishwa na musaza we wo kwa se wabo.
Muri iyo nama Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, KarugaramaTharcisse, yagize ati “Twaje dutabaye ikibazo abantu bakunda kwita ukuntu, ni ukuvuga ngo ikibazo cy’abana b’impfubyi za Jenoside, bambuwe ubutaka bwabo, bakaba bamaze imyaka 17 batari babona ibisubizo. Birababaje cyane! Harimo ibintu bitatu: Icya mbere ni abana, icya kabiri ni impfubyi, icya gatatu ni impfubyi za Jenoside, icya kane ngo bakaba barambuwe ubutaka bwabo. Ikintu kikavugwa muri radio no mu binyamakuru, kubera ko Minisitiri w’intebe yigeze kubitangaho amabwiriza, abayobozi batandukanye bavuze ko kigomba gukemuka, nasanze ari ngombwa.»
Yakomeje avuga ko imyanzuro yatangwaga yasuzumaga ikibazo cy’umuntu ku giti cye, aho kuba muri rusange ngo babihe imyanzuro ya rusange.
Nta mpfubyi y’imyaka 30
Minisitiri Karugarama Tharcisse yavuze ko ibibazo byose byasuzumwe hari inzego zinyuranye harimo ubuyobozi bw’akarere, ubuyobozi bw’umurenge, ubuyobozi bw’akagari, ubuyobozi bw’ingabo n’ubw’igipolisi n’izindi nzego zikorera mu karere, ibibazo byose babifatira imyanzuro ine. Yagize ati «Umwanzuro wa mbere wavugaga ngo tureke gukomeza kuvuga ngo ni abana b’impfubyi ba Jenoside bambuwe ubutaka. Kubera ko twabonye bamwe bageze mu myaka 30, abandi 27, kandi tuzi ko umwana ari umuntu uri hasi y’imyaka 18.» Kuri iyi ngingo, Minisitiri Karugarama yavuze ko batareba igihe ikibazo cyatangiriye ahubwo bareba aho kigeze ubu, ko nta muntu witwa impfubyi afite imyaka 30.
Umwanzuro wa kabiri yagize ati «Twavuze ko abantu bose basaranganyijwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, nta manyanga arimo, iryo saranganya riremewe, ntawe uzavutswa umutungo we, kuko yasaranganyijwe. Iryakozwe na Leta mu buryo bwo gutuza abanyarwanda ryaremewe rizagumaho.»
Umwanzuro wa gatatu ni abantu bafashe ubutaka bw’abo bari abana icyo gihe ngo barabarera hanyuma bakabanyaga imitungo yabo, Minisitiri Karugarama yavuze ko abagurishije iyo mitungo bavuga ngo bararera abo bana bagomba kubiryozwa, ariko hagomba gushishoza, kugira ngo barebe uko uwo yareze abo bana n’uko yakoreshejwe mu kubarera. Yagize ati «Aho bazasanga amanyanga, uburiganya, uwo muntu azabiryozwe.»
Umwanzuro wa nyuma urebana n’abantu baje bakagura ibintu, ariko ngo bakagura nk’umutungo ugurishijwe n’abanyamuryango. Minisitiri Karugarama akomeza avuga ko bari babifiteho ububasha bwo kugurisha. Yatanze urugero kuwagurishije umutungo wa se agacura barumuna be, nyuma y’imyaka 15 batazahambura abahaguze barashyizemo n’ibikorwa byabo, ngo uhahe abantu babonetse ubu kandi ayo mafaranga yaragiye mu muryango. Yagize ati «Mu muryango bicare bakemure ibi bibazo, niba ari uwayariye agacura abandi, azabiryozwe.» Yakomeje avuga ko aho bazasanga mu gukemura ikibazo hari aho umuntu asigaye nta kintu afite Leta izamushakire uko abaho ariko badahungabanyije umuntu waguze.
Hari imyanzuro itarashyirwa mu bikorwa
Umuyobozi w’akarere ka Ngoma yasobanuye ko ibibazo byari byaravutse bari baragerageje kubikemura, ariko hari bibiri byavutse bishya basuzumiye hamwe. Bwana Niyotwagira yagize ati «Ibyo twemeranyijweho amatariki yabyo akaba yarageze byashyizwe mu bikorwa, ibisigaye ni ibyo kuwa 30/06/2011 kandi iyo tariki ntiragera, ariko dutegereje iyo tariki twafatiye hamwe. Ni ukuvuga ko igisigaye ari ugushyira mu bikorwa imyanzuro.»
Abakuwe mu masambu basaba indishyi
Nkurikiyinka Yoweli watashye mu 1994, yavuze ko bakigera mu gihugu bacumbitse mu by’abandi ariko nyuma baza guhabwa aho batura, ikibazo bafite kikaba ko akarere kahabanyaga kandi hari ibikorwa bakozemo. Avuga ko rero atumva ukuntu bazakurwa ahongaho bakajyanwa ahandi. Ariko we yagize ati «Aha baduhaye bavugaga ko beneho barangiye nta n’umwe ukiriho.» Asoza avuga ko ubwo Leta ariyo yabahaye yagombye kureba ibikorwa bakoze ikabishyura, batakwemera ko hari umunyarwanda urengana.
Ikibazo cyatangiye ari abana bato
Nyuma y’ibyemezo byatangajwe na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Karugarama Tharcisse, abibumbiye muri ARGR (Association des Rescapés du Génocide de Rukumberi), badutangarije ko batishimiye ubutabera Minisitiri yabazaniye, kuko ikibazo hari intambwe akarere kari kamaze gutera mu kugikemura, none we akaba yarasubije amazi mu iriba. Batangaza ko bazitabaza izindi nzego, zibakemurire ikibazo. Iki kibazo cyatangiye ari abana bato, nk’uko bakomeje babidutangariza, bigeze aho bashobora kubyikurikiranira none bambuwe uburenganzira bwabo.
Uwitije Silivani uvuka mu murenge wa Rukumberi, akagari ka Gituza, atangaza ko afite ikibazo cy’amasambu y’ababyeyi be yatujwemo umuntu uvuka mu murenge wa Rukumberi, ngo bakayamutuzamo bavuga ko ari isaranganya kandi hari isambu y’umuryango w’iwabo. Ngo yajyaga kubaza mu buyozi bakavuga ko bamusaranganyije na Nyirasenge we avuga ko nta bubasha yari afite kuri uwo mutungo kuko atari afite ububasha bwo kuzungura ababyeyi batari abe. Yagize ati «Naburanye kugeza mu rukiko rwisumbuye, kubera ko naregaga ndi umwana aho ngeze bakavuga ko nta bubasha mfite bwo kuba naburana mu nkiko. Igihe ndindiriye imyaka y’ubukure bateje kashi mpuruza, aho ngiye kubaza bakambwira ko ikibazo cyanjye cyarangiye.» Yasoje avuga ko aho ageze ananiwe kuko kugeza n’ubu kitarakemuka.
Epipaphie Bavugiyaremye, yatangaje ko Jenoside yabaye afite imyaka 10, akaba umwe mu mpfubyi za Jenoside zifite ikibazo cy’amasambu i Rukumberi. Yadutangarije ko muri Jenoside yahungiye i Kigali, abagiraneza na FARG bamufasha kwiga, ariko ngo akumva ko isambu y’ababyeyi be ifitwe na se wabo, witwa Alphonse Twagirayezu, ngo akaba yari afite icyizere ko igihe cyose azagenda agahabwa isambu ya se. Ariko ngo yatunguwe n’uko igihe cyo kuyikurikirana yasanze se wabo yarayigurishije, ubwo bugure nta baturage babuzi.
Na we nk’izindi mpfubyi, yari ategereje ko ikibazo cye gikemuka, bikaba byarasubijwe irudubi na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera. Yagize ati «Byarambabaje kubona Minisitiri w’ubutabera avuga ko nta mpfubyi y’imyaka 28-30, yirengagiza ko Jenoside yabaye turi abana bato cyane.» yakomeje avuga ko atazi niba abakoze Jenoside bafite imyaka 11, ubu noneho bazafatwa bagafungwa, kuko ubu noneho bujuje imyaka yo kuryoza ibyo bakoze. Asoza avuga ko kwitwa impfubyi atari ishema, ahubwo ari amahano yagwiririye u Rwanda, icyo bifuza ari ubutabera ko kandi abantu nibatabakemurira ikibazo Imana izabafasha ikagikemura kuko n’ubundi ngo batari bazi ko bazabaho kugeza uyu munsi. Yagize ati «Birababaje kwitwa impunzi mu gihugu cyawe, utagira aho ubarizwa kandi ababyeyi bawe nta cyaha bakoreye igihugu.»
Vestine Mukayisire, Jenoside yabaye afite imyaka 12, na we ariruka inyuma y’isambu ebyiri, iya se n’iya se wabo kuko ari we wasigaye mu muryango wenyine. Avuga ko isambu ya se yubatswemo umudugudu, babasezeranya ko bazabaha ahahoze ari urwuri ariko amaso yaheze mu kirere. Na ho isambu ya se wabo bayigabanyijemo ibice bibiri, byose bihabwa abari basanzwe mu Rwanda bafite andi masambu. Yavuze ko igice kimwe cyahawe uwari Burugumestiri nyuma ya Jenoside, Rutayisire Wilson, ikindi gihabwa ukekwaho Jenoside.
Vestine Mukayisire avuga ko yareze Rutayisire mu rukiko aramutsinda, ariko n’ubu urubanza rwe ntirurarangizwa. Akomeza avuga ko ikibazo cyasubiye irudubi kubera amagambo ya Minisitiri Karugarama yavuze kuwa 16/06/2011 ubwo yari i Rukumberi, abari mu masambu bakavuga ko Minisitiri ikibazo yagikemuye, izo mpfubyi ntacyo zigomba kubaza.
Vestine Mukayisire yakomeje avuga ko muri Rukumberi nta saranganya ryahabaye, kuko nta mpfubyi n’imwe yahawe aho kuba kandi ariho abayeyi babo bari batuye n’icyemezo cya Minisitiri w’intebe cyarabahaga uburenganzira ku mitungo yabo. Yasoje avuga ko bagiye gushaka ubutabera k’Umuvunyi Mukuru, kwa Minisitiri w’intebe cyangwa kwa Perezida wa Repubulika, kuko ngo batazemera kujya banyura ku masambu yabo babebera.
Ubu izo mpfubyi za Jenoside zikaba zaritabaje Umuvunyi Mukuru nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa bamwandikiye yo kuwa 18/06/2011.
Rwanyange René Anthère
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